CNN WorldView - 1999-06-03

Channel: malgent

Transcript

Language: English (original, YouTube automatic captions)

[0:02] I'm Judy Woodruff along with my

[0:04] colleague Bernard Shaw in Washington.

[0:06] Welcome to World View. Coming up,

[0:08] reports from Cologne, Germany, from the

[0:10] White House. But we begin in Belgrade

[0:13] where the Serbian Parliament has voted

[0:16] to accept an international peace plan

[0:18] for Kosovo. But still no word from

[0:20] Yugoslav President Slobadan Mallovich

[0:23] himself. We have comprehensive coverage

[0:26] starting, as we say, with CNN's Walt

[0:28] Rogers in Belgrade.

[0:31] >> Despite initial skepticism from NATO

[0:33] countries, those who met with Yugoslav

[0:35] President Slovadon Milo were convinced

[0:38] he has now accepted terms for ending the

[0:40] war laid down by the major powers. Goran

[0:43] Mati<unk> a senior Yugoslav government

[0:45] minister, announced, quote, "There is a

[0:48] deal." Still to be heard from is

[0:50] President Maloshovich himself. But

[0:52] Europe's peace envoy Finnish president

[0:54] Maki Atasari. Also present said all

[0:57] relevant parties accepted the offer.

[0:59] >> I would also hope that

[1:04] this decision would lead

[1:07] to contacts between the military

[1:11] so that we can come and start

[1:14] implementation of the plan. Highlights

[1:16] of the peace plan include withdrawal of

[1:18] all Serb troops from Kosovo,

[1:21] repatriation of more than 800,000 Kosvar

[1:24] refugees, and an international security

[1:26] force with NATO troops at the core to

[1:29] protect the refugees. Belgrade's

[1:31] acceptance of the peace plan was clearly

[1:33] signaled by this emergency meeting of

[1:35] the Serb Parliament. The parliament's

[1:37] overwhelming approval meant President

[1:39] Malloich wanted the deal, even if it was

[1:41] a take it or leave it proposal. Not all

[1:44] Serbs like the major p's terms for

[1:46] ending the war.

[1:47] >> It means that Serbia's government

[1:49] capitulated since it accepted foreign

[1:52] troops in in the territory of Serbia.

[1:55] >> We will never accept aggressive troops

[1:57] in any part of Serbia. On Belgrade

[2:00] streets, reaction was reserved and

[2:02] guarded, cautious about what will happen

[2:04] next.

[2:08] >> I don't know how Americans will react. I

[2:10] think Americans just prefer bombing us.

[2:12] A senior government official called the

[2:14] day's events the first step toward peace

[2:16] in Yugoslavia. Still, the Balkans have

[2:19] been racked by war for nearly a decade

[2:21] now, and securing a genuine peace may be

[2:24] at least as challenging as waging war.

[2:28] So when the peace envoys from Europe and

[2:31] Russia departed this time, theirs may

[2:33] only have been a temporary goodbye.

[2:36] Walter Rogers, CNN Belgrade.

[2:38] We remind our viewers CNN's reporting

[2:40] from Yugoslavia is subject to certain

[2:42] restrictions set by Yugoslav

[2:44] authorities. CNN must seek permission to

[2:46] videotape news events and unrestricted

[2:48] travel outside of Belgrade is not

[2:50] permitted. Bernie,

[2:52] >> joining us now from the Pentagon, the

[2:54] defense secretary of the United States,

[2:56] William Cohen. Mr. Secretary, why have

[3:00] the Yugoslavians agreed?

[3:02] >> Well, I really can't answer why they've

[3:04] agreed. What I can say is that our air

[3:07] campaign has been intensified for some

[3:09] time now and it gets stronger each day

[3:12] and does more damage to Mr. Mallovich's

[3:14] forces each day. Uh why he has accepted

[3:18] this uh and we hope that not only accept

[3:20] it but implements it before any real

[3:23] positive action can take part on can

[3:25] take place on our part remains to be

[3:27] seen and he will have to declare for

[3:29] himself his rationale and reasons for

[3:30] it. But I can say that the air campaign

[3:33] has been intensified. As a result of

[3:35] that, we're seeing damage done on a

[3:36] fairly substantial basis uh each day.

[3:39] >> Mr. Secretary, are you and others in the

[3:41] administration suggesting that there

[3:42] will be no letup whatsoever in the NATO

[3:46] air campaign, the bombing campaign in

[3:49] light of what the Yugoslav Parliament

[3:51] has voted.

[3:52] >> We have indicated from the very

[3:53] beginning there must not only be an

[3:55] acceptance uh in word of this agreement.

[3:58] There must be an acceptance indeed.

[3:59] There must be a manifestation of the

[4:01] intent to comply with this agreement by

[4:04] uh pulling forces out. So until such

[4:06] time as we see that manifestation, we

[4:08] intend to continue the air campaign.

[4:09] We're not going to rely upon either acts

[4:11] or statements of parliament or paper

[4:13] promises. We have to see the deeds being

[4:15] carried out.

[4:17] >> Among the deeds to be carried out, the

[4:18] withdrawal of Serb forces. How can you

[4:21] assure yourself and the NATO allies that

[4:24] every Serb soldier will have withdrawn?

[4:27] Well, we have a substantial capability

[4:29] of seeing what is taking place on the

[4:31] ground. To the extent that the Serbs

[4:33] start to move their forces out in

[4:34] substantial numbers and indicate an

[4:36] intent to carry forward carry forward

[4:38] the entire agreement, we can make a

[4:40] judgment at that point as to whether uh

[4:42] we will continue or not continue the

[4:44] campaign. Obviously, we would not seek

[4:46] to impede uh their withdrawal pursuant

[4:49] to a uh an agreement on their part to

[4:51] fully withdraw from Kosovo, but we will

[4:53] make that judgment at an appropriate

[4:54] time. Until we see the actual

[4:56] performance as opposed to simply the

[4:58] words, then we intend to continue the

[5:00] campaign.

[5:01] >> Mr. Secretary, do you see that there do

[5:04] you acknowledge that there still will be

[5:06] a Serb role in the new Kosovo, the

[5:09] Kosovo post this NATO bombing campaign?

[5:12] Well, as the agreement provides, there

[5:14] can be some minor uh participation on

[5:17] the part of the Serbs as far as uh

[5:19] guarding some sacred sites be a very uh

[5:22] small number of Serbs that would be

[5:24] allowed into Kosovo. The key element of

[5:26] course is to have that peacekeeping

[5:28] force that is robust enough to make sure

[5:30] that uh security and safety of the

[5:32] refugees can be guaranteed and that

[5:35] there will be a command and control

[5:36] structure under NATO's uh umbrella as

[5:39] such. And uh those are the key elements

[5:41] and so uh we think that there can be

[5:43] some minor participation on the part of

[5:45] the Serbs but not in very large numbers.

[5:48] >> Secretary Cohen, should President Slodon

[5:50] Malloich be put on trial for war crimes

[5:53] and atrocities?

[5:55] >> Uh that's completely up to the court to

[5:57] make that determination. There has been

[5:58] an indictment and I would assume that

[6:00] the prosecutor would intend to carry

[6:01] through uh with uh the indictment, but

[6:04] that's up to the court, not for me.

[6:07] Secretary William Conn, thanks for

[6:08] joining us on World View. My pleasure.

[6:10] >> Quite welcome. Western reaction to the

[6:12] agreement has been hopeful but cautious.

[6:15] We have two live reports from senior

[6:17] White House correspondent Wolf Blitzer

[6:18] and chief international correspondent

[6:20] Cristian Almanpor in Cologne, Germany,

[6:22] where Finnish President Ashari flew to

[6:25] brief European Europe leaders after his

[6:28] trip to Belgrade. Cristian, first to

[6:30] you.

[6:32] Well, Bernie, it started to rain and

[6:34] it's cold, but really it's not an

[6:36] exaggeration to say it can't rain on the

[6:38] European leaders parade today because

[6:40] quite frankly, NATO leaders have been

[6:42] holding their breath for now nearly 10

[6:44] weeks of bombing campaign. And today,

[6:46] for the first time here, they have been

[6:48] able to breathe a collective sigh of

[6:50] relief. While they're very pleased with

[6:52] what the Finnish president, their envoy,

[6:54] uh, mighty Artisari has been able to

[6:56] achieve in Belgrade, the watch word is

[6:58] caution. Although they say it's a good

[7:00] day for diplomacy and they are very very

[7:02] pleased that their NATO uh coalition

[7:04] held together in an extraordinary

[7:06] fashion. Uh everybody is talking caution

[7:09] and they're saying the proof will be in

[7:11] the implementation and that the Yugoslav

[7:13] leader must now do that.

[7:16] I think you're just sensibly cautious uh

[7:20] if you're dealing with Mallosvich and

[7:23] you're dealing with a situation in which

[7:24] there have been so many terrible things

[7:26] done and I've got no doubt at all we

[7:29] wouldn't be in this position were it not

[7:31] for the fact that NATO has demonstrated

[7:33] unity demonstrated resolve

[7:36] now the European leaders also were very

[7:38] careful to thank and pay tribute to the

[7:40] Russian participation Victor Cherna

[7:42] Murden the special Russian envoy made

[7:45] several trips to Bgrade and they went

[7:47] out of their way today to praise his

[7:49] efforts. What's clear in the end though,

[7:51] according to the European leaders, is

[7:53] that Russia eventually came on board

[7:55] with NATO's uh conditions, agreeing most

[7:58] significantly to a NATO peace force in

[8:01] Kosovo. And that they felt perhaps was

[8:04] the thing that made Mallich realize that

[8:06] he really had nowhere else to turn. Now

[8:09] we go to CNN's senior White House

[8:11] correspondent Wolf Blitzer at the White

[8:13] House for reaction from the leader of

[8:15] the NATO alliance.

[8:16] >> Cristian, President Clinton and other

[8:18] top advisers are very, very happy about

[8:21] what's going on. Although publicly

[8:23] they're avoiding any sense of gloating.

[8:25] They're avoiding any sense that this is

[8:27] a done deal because they've been down

[8:29] here before. They say they can't

[8:31] necessarily trust the words of either

[8:33] the Yugoslav President Slobal or his

[8:36] parliament. At the same time, Mr.

[8:38] Clinton is warning that the air strikes,

[8:40] at least for the time being, will

[8:42] continue.

[8:44] >> First, we must have clarity that the

[8:46] Serbian leadership has fully accepted

[8:48] these conditions and intends to fully

[8:51] implement them. Until then, and until

[8:55] Serb forces begin a verifiable

[8:56] withdrawal from Kosovo, we will continue

[8:59] to pursue diplomacy, but we will also

[9:02] continue the military effort that has

[9:04] brought us to this point.

[9:06] US officials say the next 24 to 48 hours

[9:09] will be critical in determining whether

[9:11] this peace process is going to go

[9:13] forward. We just heard from the defense

[9:15] secretary William Cohen announced that

[9:17] there will be an effort made in the next

[9:19] day or two or three to go forward with

[9:21] the start of a militarytoilitary

[9:24] conversation between NATO and the

[9:26] Yugoslav military forces. The purpose

[9:29] would be to begin that Serb withdrawal

[9:31] of their 40 to 50,000 military,

[9:34] paramilitary, and police forces from

[9:36] Kosovo. Wolf Blitzer, CNN, reporting

[9:38] live from the White House.

[9:41] >> Thank you, Wolf, and thank you,

[9:42] Christian. Well, some details of the

[9:44] Kosovo peace plan have yet to be worked

[9:47] out. CNN's David Ensor reports on some

[9:49] potential sticking points.

[9:52] The peace plan approved by the

[9:54] parliament in Belgrade appears to fully

[9:56] meet NATO's demands. But as US officials

[9:58] were cautioning, the devil is in the

[10:00] details and there could still be trouble

[10:02] with them. For example, the plan says

[10:04] the UN Security Council, where Russia

[10:07] has a veto, will decide on Kosovo's

[10:09] interim government. The Serbs believe

[10:11] that will give them some key leverage.

[10:14] This would ensure Mallosvich a long-term

[10:16] role because it gives Mallosvich a uh a

[10:22] main voice in the future of Kosovo

[10:24] through the Security Council.

[10:26] >> The plan also leaves many details yet to

[10:28] be worked out. When will Serb forces

[10:30] start to withdraw? What is a verifiable

[10:33] withdrawal that would prompt NATO to

[10:35] stop bombing? When will NATO and other

[10:37] peacekeeping forces start moving into

[10:39] Kosovo? And will Russia be part of the

[10:41] peacekeeping force? Uh we the United

[10:44] States and I think this is a view shared

[10:45] by all of our allies think that it would

[10:48] be a very good thing if Russia is part

[10:51] of that.

[10:52] >> US officials point to the way Russian

[10:54] and American troops have worked together

[10:56] in Bosnia keeping the peace as a model

[10:58] for Kosovo but there is no agreement

[11:01] yet. Then there is the key issue of who

[11:04] is in military command of the

[11:06] peacekeepers. The US says it must be

[11:08] NATO. The plan says the forces will be

[11:11] under overall UN jurisdiction. How the

[11:14] details are worked out could be

[11:16] critical.

[11:17] >> Before the United States puts a single

[11:18] soldier in or anybody else from NATO,

[11:21] you have to be sure about who's in

[11:23] charge. And there's a test. The test is,

[11:26] will refugees feel comfortable enough to

[11:28] go home? But while the deal is not yet

[11:31] done, US officials are pointing out that

[11:34] their strategy of sticking with the air

[11:36] campaign for more than 10 weeks does

[11:38] appear to have convinced the Serbs to

[11:40] give in to NATO demands. They aren't

[11:43] celebrating here yet, but they are

[11:45] relieved. David Ensor, CNN, the

[11:48] Pentagon.

[11:50] News of the peace proposal spread

[11:51] quickly among Kosovo's refugees. Many

[11:54] reacted cautiously. CNN's Ben Weedman

[11:56] reports from the Stanovich refugee camp

[11:59] in Macedonia.

[12:04] >> It was news the Kosvar refugees were

[12:07] waiting to hear.

[12:11] >> But when the news was broadcast over

[12:13] loudspeakers at Stenovich's refugee

[12:15] camp, it was met with a strong dose of

[12:18] skepticism. Yeah, we're happy, but uh we

[12:21] can't believe it cuz uh they all we

[12:26] always get those news that it's going to

[12:28] be good, but they changed them their

[12:31] minds. I heard the news today and I mean

[12:35] that Milvich many times give promises

[12:40] and never never he don't

[12:44] >> I mean uh he he lying a timetable for

[12:48] the return of the refugees is still a

[12:51] long way off even if the peace plan is

[12:53] signed sealed and delivered given the

[12:56] logistical challenge of moving more than

[12:59] 250,000

[13:01] refugees out of Macedonia. It will be

[13:04] weeks and more likely months before they

[13:06] can begin to leave.

[13:10] And before that can happen, a NATOled

[13:12] peacekeeping force, much of it currently

[13:15] based in Macedonia, would have to move

[13:17] in. That force now stands at more than

[13:21] 15,000 and will be increased to 30,000

[13:24] in the coming weeks.

[13:26] train multinational forces here um who

[13:29] have been doing it nothing but training

[13:31] uh maintaining our military skills and

[13:33] we're ready to implement a peace

[13:35] agreement if directed to do so.

[13:37] >> For the time being the refugees will

[13:39] have to stay put enduring conditions

[13:42] difficult enough as they are and bound

[13:44] to deteriorate as summer sets in. As

[13:48] much as these refugees would like to

[13:50] return home today, it will take far more

[13:53] than news from Belgrade to convince them

[13:55] it is safe to return. Ben Weedman, CNN,

[13:59] Stanovitz refugee camp, Macedonia.

[14:03] Worldview 10 years after Tian Men Square

[14:05] will take a look at China today. What

[14:08] has changed and what hasn't.

[14:16] >> We're not relying on the government.

[14:20] We're not relying on the company.

[14:23] We're not relying on a big fat

[14:25] inheritance.

[14:27] Trade online.

[14:33] >> We're betting on ourselves.

[14:36] 795 stock trades, low margin interest

[14:38] rates, comprehensive research.

[14:40] Shortrade.com, a smart tool for smart

[14:43] investors.

[14:44] >> Face the media. While some folks

[14:46] couldn't sleep, you were peacefully

[14:49] sleeping thanks to new Simply Sleep from

[14:51] the makers of Tylenol PM. It's non-habit

[14:54] forming and eases you into a restful

[14:56] night's sleep. New Simply Sleep.

[15:04] The rugged Montana from Pontiac with not

[15:07] one but two sliding doors. Something

[15:10] handy for whoever's passing through.

[15:13] Life is more exciting in Montana. Do you

[15:15] remember the milk?

[15:30] Something wonderful is happening at DC.

[15:33] A complete metamorphosis has occurred.

[15:36] Introducing ditec.com.

[15:38] Now you can get fast online approval for

[15:40] a lowcost home loan direct from the

[15:42] lender 24 hours a day, 7 days a week.

[15:46] Ditec.com.

[15:47] You have to see it to believe it.

[15:49] Today's low 30-year fixed rate is just 6

[15:52] and 3/4%. Get fast online approval or

[15:55] call 180071 fixed.

[15:59] >> Closed captioning is brought to you by

[16:00] Bellatlantic, your guide through the

[16:02] wilds of communications. Tonight on

[16:05] Larry King Live, Maline Albbright on the

[16:07] possibility of peace in Kosovo and

[16:09] Governor Jesse Ventura. Tonight, 9

[16:11] Eastern on CNN.

[16:14] Cable, the fastest way to unleash the

[16:16] power of the internet.

[16:19] Internet, the ultimate source for news,

[16:22] communication, and entertainment.

[16:26] Revolution makes the impossible

[16:28] possible.

[16:32] Join the cable internet revolution

[16:33] today. Call now for intermediate at

[16:35] home.

[16:36] >> Sign up now and receive free

[16:38] installation.

[16:48] >> Hi, welcome to Basset. Join us for the

[16:50] red, white, and blue sale. Save on looks

[16:53] from traditional to contemporary and

[16:55] every style in between and give your

[16:58] home the flare that's uniquely yours. 10

[17:01] great sofas and over 75 fabrics to

[17:03] choose from starting as low as $6.99 and

[17:06] pay no interest for 15 months.

[17:09] Hurry in now. The Red, White, and Blue

[17:11] Sale ends June 7th.

[17:15] The Moneyline NewsHour with Lou Dos.

[17:17] Week night, 6:30 Eastern on CNN.

[17:28] On this 10-year anniversary of the

[17:30] crackdown in Tianman Square, China is

[17:33] facing new unrest. The story from CNN's

[17:36] Beijing Bureau Chief Rebecca McKinnon.

[17:39] Laidoff workers demonstrate for pay.

[17:42] Neighborhood residents protest

[17:44] corruption. A woman demands justice for

[17:47] a relative killed by medical

[17:49] malpractice. She says the courts didn't

[17:51] do anything. While police do their best

[17:54] to keep the outside world from seeing

[17:56] these protests, officials privately

[17:58] acknowledge ordinary people are taking

[18:01] their complaints to the streets,

[18:02] demanding their legal rights.

[18:05] >> There's this kind of two-handed

[18:06] approach. On the one hand, use the legal

[18:08] system, but but be prepared to make

[18:11] trouble uh to use civil disobedience and

[18:14] collective action to promote your your

[18:16] interests. I think that's a big change.

[18:20] But as with these farmers in southern

[18:23] China fighting police over how their

[18:25] land can be used, the demands are

[18:27] personal or very local. That's in part

[18:30] because the government has locked up or

[18:32] exiled most dissident who've tried to

[18:34] turn personal grievances into larger

[18:37] political action.

[18:39] There are also many Chinese who've

[18:41] profited from the last 10 years of

[18:43] China's economic growth and who don't

[18:46] want to rock the boat.

[18:51] The public's attitude has changed since

[18:53] the 1980s. People are only interested in

[18:56] earning money.

[18:59] For me personally, human rights means

[19:01] the way I live my life, says this woman.

[19:04] I have to be careful not to lose my job.

[19:06] If somebody else has a problem, I can't

[19:08] help. 10 years after the crackdown on

[19:11] pro-democracy demonstrators, it's

[19:13] personal interest, not political

[19:15] interest, that motivates most Chinese

[19:17] today. That's why the growth of social

[19:19] unrest around the country is not likely

[19:22] to bring the government down anytime

[19:24] soon. Rebecca McKinnon, CNN Beijing.

[19:28] >> And for Worldview, I'm Bernard Shaw

[19:30] >> and I'm Judy Woodruff. The moneyline

[19:31] NewsHour with Lou Dos next.

[19:39] >> This is the

[20:02] helping children beyond blaming on Larry

[20:04] King Live tonight.

[20:09] Peace in Yugoslavia. NATO officials say

[20:12] air strikes could end within days. But

[20:15] is everyone on board? A look at Kosovo's

[20:18] rebels, their willingness to lay down

[20:20] their weapons of war, and their aims of

[20:23] independence.

[20:24] And 10 years after the massacre in

[20:27] Tanman Square, a new movement in China,

[20:30] an exclus