Nightline (ABC) - 2009-02-25

Channel: malgent

Transcript

Language: English (original, YouTube automatic captions)

[0:05] Tonight on Night Line, terror in the

[0:08] sky. First the miracle on the Hudson,

[0:11] then the tragedy in Buffalo, and now a

[0:14] third plane crashes down in less than 2

[0:16] months. Nine are dead, dozens injured,

[0:19] but many just walk away, surviving

[0:22] impact. So, is it possible to increase

[0:25] your chances of escaping from a plane

[0:27] crash? We have scientific evidence based

[0:29] on years of research. The keys to

[0:32] survival that just might save your life.

[0:35] And the right stuff. Forget email.

[0:38] Farewell. Instant messaging and texting

[0:41] is for dinosaurs. Why 2009 is quickly

[0:44] becoming the year of Twitter.

[0:47] >> From the global resources of ABC News

[0:50] with Terry Moran, Martin Gasher, and

[0:52] Cynthia Mcbaden in New York City. This

[0:55] is Night Line, February 25th, 2009.

[1:00] >> Good evening. The pictures have become

[1:03] all too familiar recently. A commercial

[1:05] airliner captured not in the air, but

[1:07] lying in pieces on the ground, wreckage

[1:10] charred by the aftermath of a jet fuel

[1:12] explosion. Or the extraordinary sight of

[1:14] an aircraft landing on a river next to

[1:17] New York. And today, another incident,

[1:19] this time near Amsterdam Airport, where

[1:22] Turkish Airlines flight number 1951

[1:25] crashed into a field. Of the 134

[1:28] passengers on board, the majority

[1:30] survived, but some did not. And for the

[1:33] third time in just over 5 weeks, we're

[1:35] left with the question, why? Nick Watt

[1:39] now reports.

[1:41] At this moment, looking at a very large

[1:43] emergency, it looks like we lost an

[1:45] aircraft.

[1:45] >> At 10:31 this morning, eyewitnesses say

[1:48] flight 1951 from Istanbul suddenly

[1:52] dropped out of the sky.

[1:53] >> We have an emergency in progress.

[1:58] >> The Boeing 737 narrowly missed a highway

[2:02] and hit the ground 2 miles short of the

[2:04] runway at Amsterdam's Chipal Airport.

[2:08] The first 10 seconds it was completely

[2:11] silent, said this survivor. Everybody

[2:13] was so scared it was deathly quiet.

[2:18] >> 134 people, including four Boeing

[2:20] employees from Seattle, were on board.

[2:23] >> All the pieces are hanging down. There's

[2:25] people screaming uh who are stuck asking

[2:28] for help to try to get out.

[2:31] >> We got out on the left wing. We were

[2:33] afraid of fire, said this man. We could

[2:36] smell the jet fuel. 60 ambulances took

[2:40] 84 injured survivors to the hospital.

[2:43] >> Nine people have died. Six people are

[2:46] very seriously uh injured and we don't

[2:49] know they are critical at this moment.

[2:51] >> There are still three crew members uh in

[2:53] the cabin. I'm sorry to say they're

[2:55] dead.

[2:56] >> It took several hours to get their

[2:58] bodies out of the cockpit. Investigators

[3:01] are still trying to determine what went

[3:04] wrong. This is the third major airline

[3:07] crash in a little over a month

[3:11] late on the night of February 12th. All

[3:13] 44 passengers and five crew aboard a

[3:17] turborop from Newark to Buffalo were

[3:19] killed when the plane smashed into a

[3:21] suburban neighborhood. Investigators

[3:23] believe ice build up on the wings and

[3:25] possibly pilot error were to blame. You

[3:29] have a a metal tube.

[3:32] You cram it full of people. You put

[3:35] limited exits in it so it's difficult to

[3:36] get out.

[3:38] You then wrap the whole thing with

[3:41] kerosene fuel and then you hurl it down

[3:44] a runway at um 150 mph.

[3:50] >> January 15th, US Airways flight 1549

[3:54] bound for Charlotte, North Carolina

[3:56] crash landed in the Hudson shortly after

[3:59] takeoff from New York's LaGuardia. A

[4:01] flock of birds had hit both engines.

[4:04] Captain Chzley Sullenberger executed a

[4:07] flawless landing on water. Nose up,

[4:10] wings exactly level, speed perfect. All

[4:14] 150 passengers and five crew survived.

[4:17] Captain Sully was hailed a hero. His

[4:20] heroics dubbed the miracle on the

[4:23] Hudson. But surviving an air crash is

[4:26] not a miracle. In fact, between 1983 and

[4:30] 2000, more than 95% of people involved

[4:34] in plane crashes in the US survived. So,

[4:38] is there anything you can do to avoid

[4:40] being part of that fatal 5%.

[4:45] Well, this plane fire on the tarmac of

[4:47] an English airport in 1985 set one man

[4:50] on the path to find out. There was no

[4:53] crash, no fatal impact, but an engine

[4:57] fire killed nearly half the passengers

[4:59] on board. Why did 55 people die? Why

[5:02] could 55 people not escape? Professor Ed

[5:05] Gala has poured over interviews with

[5:08] 2,000 survivors of 105 plane crashes,

[5:12] analyzing their behavior, creating

[5:15] computer simulations of that behavior,

[5:18] and searching for the keys to survival.

[5:23] If you're traveling in a family group,

[5:24] you should insist that the airline does

[5:26] not separate you um through the

[5:28] aircraft. Uh you should be seated

[5:30] together. Why? Well, it's only natural

[5:32] that if you're involved in that sort of

[5:33] situation, you're going to want to

[5:35] reunite the group before you evacuate.

[5:37] Now, if you do that, that's going to

[5:40] cause havoc. Sit together, but be

[5:43] prepared to split apart in a smokefilled

[5:46] cabin. Perhaps you have one adult is

[5:48] responsible for a particular child and

[5:50] the other adult is responsible for the

[5:51] other child. So now you have essentially

[5:53] two groups of two people and uh the

[5:56] groups should be uh prepared to evacuate

[5:59] through different exits if necessary.

[6:01] And so each child should know you know

[6:03] which parent is is going to be looking

[6:04] after them in that in that situation.

[6:08] The mind goes almost into autopilot. And

[6:11] so when you go to release the the seat

[6:13] belts, you're not really thinking about

[6:14] that. And and and what's your most uh

[6:17] common experience in undoing a seat

[6:18] belt? It's in your car. And how do you

[6:20] undo a seat belt in your car? You press

[6:21] a button. Of course, on a plane, you

[6:24] lift a latch rather than pushing a

[6:26] button. Even pilots traveling back here

[6:29] as passengers have been known to get

[6:32] that wrong.

[6:40] 12 years ago, the pilot of this hijacked

[6:42] Ethiopian Airlines jet ran out of fuel

[6:46] and ditched in the Indian Ocean.

[6:49] About 5 minutes before we crashed, he

[6:51] came on with the first of two

[6:53] announcements

[6:54] saying that you're going to have to

[6:57] ditch to get ready to ditch and for a

[7:00] water landing, you know, to have

[7:02] everything ready, not not to inflate,

[7:04] but have on the life vest.

[7:07] In the panic, not everyone listened.

[7:11] 123 were killed. Many of them drowned,

[7:14] trapped inside the fuselage by their

[7:17] inflated life jacket. If you've inflated

[7:20] your life jacket before you get out, uh

[7:22] there's a good chance that you're going

[7:23] to be floating in the water. And if

[7:25] there's a lot of water in the aircraft,

[7:27] it might actually prevent you from

[7:28] reaching the exit.

[7:31] When we come back, where should you sit

[7:33] on an aircraft to increase your chances

[7:36] of survival?

[7:39] >> ABC News Night Line brought to you by

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[10:47] >> Many plane crash survivors describe a

[10:50] moment when reality sinks in that their

[10:52] aircraft is going down. And many of the

[10:55] passengers in the Miracle on the Hudson

[10:57] incident described a hush tranquility

[10:59] immediately after Captain

[11:01] Sullenburgger's final command to brace

[11:04] to impact. Seconds later, they landed on

[11:06] the river and all survived. Nick Watt

[11:10] now continues with his report.

[11:14] >> When a plane crashes, does where you are

[11:17] sitting affect your chances of survival?

[11:20] >> We have no hydraulic fluid, which means

[11:22] we have no elevator control. Uh, almost

[11:25] none. And I have serious doubts about

[11:27] making the airport. In July 1989, after

[11:30] catastrophic engine failure, the pilot

[11:33] of United Flight 232 limped to Sous City

[11:37] Airport where the plane crash landed.

[11:39] >> United 232 heavy city.

[11:49] The family next to me, I believe the

[11:52] mother was killed.

[11:56] One of the people in the seat in front

[11:57] of me was killed. The people in the seat

[12:00] behind me were killed.

[12:05] >> 11 people were killed. 185 survived.

[12:09] >> There is no magic seat on board an

[12:11] aircraft. There is no one seat that is

[12:12] the safest seat on the aircraft.

[12:15] >> In some crashes, you'd be better off

[12:17] sitting in the front. In others, you'd

[12:19] be better off in the back. But on

[12:22] average, some seats are safer than

[12:25] others. What we found is that the

[12:27] average distance that a survivor will

[12:29] travel uh in an evacuation is seven seat

[12:33] rows.

[12:34] >> So sit within seven rows of an exit.

[12:37] Count how many seat backs you are away

[12:40] from your nearest exit in front of you

[12:42] and your nearest exit behind you. Uh why

[12:44] count the seats? Because if you're

[12:46] involved in a fire situation with smoke,

[12:48] you won't necessarily be able to see

[12:49] where the exit is. And what we found uh

[12:52] with our data is that there is a

[12:53] marginal benefit of sitting on the aisle

[12:55] seat as opposed to the window seat or in

[12:58] fact any other seat. An aisle seat

[13:00] because from here it's easier to get on

[13:02] your feet and start heading towards an

[13:04] exit than it would be from over here

[13:07] particularly if there are people sitting

[13:08] in the seats between me and the aisle.

[13:12] In many cases, business class might not

[13:15] just be more comfortable but safer as

[13:18] well. Why? Well, because there are fewer

[13:20] people competing to get to the exit.

[13:41] Once you've survived the impact, fire is

[13:43] the next major cause for concern.

[13:46] In that English plane fire that inspired

[13:49] Gala's research, 48 of the 55 people who

[13:52] died were killed by smoke as they tried

[13:55] to escape. Smoke contains toxic gases.

[14:00] Uh it contains narcotic gases and

[14:02] irritant gases. Uh which if you inhale

[14:04] enough of them, you'll die.

[14:12] One of the things you've got to do is be

[14:14] able to get out of there as quickly as

[14:15] possible before the fire can develop.

[14:17] It's no good having to come up with a

[14:19] strategy once the accident has happened.

[14:22] Things happen too rapidly. You need to

[14:24] have have thought about it beforehand

[14:25] and and and take precautions. Do you

[14:27] carry a smoke hood? I personally carry a

[14:30] smoke hood whenever I travel. And one

[14:32] more thing, do as you're told and adopt

[14:34] the brace position. you're limiting the

[14:37] opportunity for movement of the upper

[14:39] torso and hence you're limiting the

[14:41] impact speed of your head against an

[14:44] obstacle. So the brace position is

[14:45] designed to reduce your chances of being

[14:48] knocked unconscious during a heavy

[14:50] impact and you must be conscious

[14:52] obviously to evacuate.

[14:54] >> This morning in Amsterdam survivors did

[14:56] walk to safety.

[14:59] Our first reaction was to get free from

[15:01] our seat belts, said Me Atman, and head

[15:05] for the exit.

[15:07] >> He was saved by a mixture of instinct,

[15:10] some knowledge, and a lot of luck. I'm

[15:13] Nick Watt from Night Line in London.

[15:15] >> An instinct that might just help others

[15:17] to survive. Our thanks to Nick Watt. And

[15:20] when we come back, we turn the page to

[15:23] the latest and hottest communication

[15:25] phenomenon in 140 characters or less.

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[19:27] >> Night Line continues from New York City

[19:30] with Martin Basher.

[19:32] Now to Twitter has long been regarded as

[19:35] inconsequential chatter about trivial

[19:38] things, but it's become serious

[19:41] business. People are tweeting, as they

[19:43] call it, from the floor of Congress,

[19:45] from Oscar parties, even from the

[19:47] nightline offices. What is it? Well, I

[19:50] don't really know because I don't do it.

[19:52] But for John Donvan, it's a sign of the

[19:54] time.

[20:02] It's as easy in practice as a stroll

[20:04] through nature. This thing called

[20:06] Twitter. But explaining to someone what

[20:08] the Twitter experience is like, that is

[20:11] a lot trickier. And so from the top of a

[20:13] hill, I pulled out a phone and typed out

[20:16] these few words. Tell me what it means

[20:20] to tweet. And then with my thumb, I

[20:22] pushed send. And then it happened. Oh my

[20:25] god.

[20:34] Wow, a Twitter moment like touching the

[20:37] mind of the universe.

[20:42] >> Okay, actually there's not that much

[20:43] drama involved with Twitter, but Twitter

[20:46] is an authentic phenomenon that is

[20:48] getting even bigger, even faster. Like

[20:51] this big. Last night during the

[20:53] president's speech, people were sending

[20:55] Twitter messages from the floor of

[20:57] Congress, his audience. Last week, Mark

[21:00] Jacobs fashion show. So many people

[21:02] there were sending tweets, that's what a

[21:04] Twitter message is called, that the New

[21:06] York Times commented on it. And last

[21:08] month, when that plane went down in the

[21:10] Hudson, the first photo to travel the

[21:12] world was taken and flagged by a Twitter

[21:15] user who happened to be nearby. So big,

[21:19] so fast, but so difficult to explain if

[21:22] you haven't tried it. As even Twitter's

[21:24] founders, Biz Stone and Evan Williams

[21:26] acknowledged when we spent some time at

[21:28] their San Francisco headquarters a few

[21:29] days ago.

[21:30] >> Why is it so hard to communicate

[21:33] something that then turns out to be very

[21:35] easy to do?

[21:37] >> Well, I mean, I think I think that's

[21:39] just uh actually the root of that I

[21:41] think is a product positioning thing and

[21:43] it's something that Evan and I have been

[21:44] talking about. It's also one of those

[21:46] things that's very experiential

[21:48] experiential where

[21:50] you can explain to someone well you

[21:52] enter what you're doing and you can hear

[21:55] from your friends what they're doing but

[21:57] that sounds rather mundane. So what are

[22:00] you doing? In other words, you really

[22:02] have to try it. And the mechanics are

[22:05] actually even simpler than they sound in

[22:07] the 2 and 1/2 minute what is Twitter

[22:09] video that the company has posted on its

[22:11] website. Thanks to Twitter, it's

[22:12] possible to share short bite-sized

[22:14] updates about your life and follow the

[22:17] updates of people that matter to you via

[22:19] the web. It explains the basics. You

[22:21] send out a message 140 characters long

[22:24] that answers the question, "What are you

[22:26] doing?" And people who want to get an

[22:28] answer to that question can sign up to

[22:30] get your response either in a text

[22:32] message or online. Those people who sign

[22:35] up for your message are called,

[22:37] curiously, followers. The thing that I

[22:40] like to think about in my head when I

[22:41] when I think about it is um is the idea

[22:45] of you know a flock of birds moving

[22:46] around an object in flight. It looks

[22:48] very choreographed. It's rudimentary

[22:50] communication that's happening in real

[22:51] time between individuals and allowing

[22:53] them to move as one in this beautiful

[22:55] way. And I think that's the

[22:56] communication uh that you're talking

[22:58] about that we didn't realize we needed

[23:00] until we had it.

[23:01] >> Okay. If that doesn't clarify, real life

[23:03] example last Thanksgiving. This had

[23:06] started to happen in Mumbai, India, the

[23:08] attacks. But before it really got to the

[23:10] news, the folks at Twitter knew that

[23:13] something was up because they can track

[23:15] up to the minute the words that are

[23:17] getting the most use by their

[23:18] Twitterers. And on that day, it was a

[23:20] lot of it was it was at the end of

[23:22] November, so it was a lot of

[23:23] Thanksgiving, turkey, that kind of

[23:26] stuff. And then I saw Mumbai and I was

[23:29] like what what significance does Mumbai

[23:31] have to Thanksgiving? And I couldn't

[23:33] find any. So I clicked the link and I

[23:35] just see all these all these craziness.

[23:36] >> In fact, the messages were coming from

[23:38] India and from all over the world.

[23:40] Relatives checking up on relatives or

[23:42] just people who were following the news.

[23:44] There were even Twitter messages coming

[23:45] from inside the hotel as the terrorists

[23:48] roamed those hallways. That was a very

[23:51] big day in Twitter's history. its short

[23:54] history launched less than three years

[23:56] ago and housed now in what is still a

[23:58] quite small space and the tour that

[24:00] Bisstone gave me took only about 45

[24:02] seconds from one end to the other and

[24:04] there are only about 30 employees.

[24:06] Twitter was easy to overlook as

[24:08] something trivial, a bulletin board for

[24:10] people who wanted to post what they'd

[24:11] eaten for breakfast or the color of

[24:13] their socks, which of course you can do

[24:16] if you want to. And in fact, Missouri

[24:18] Senator Clare McCascal, who has taken to

[24:20] twittering for her followers from

[24:22] Washington's corridors of power, admits

[24:25] to a little tweeting of that sort.

[24:27] >> Well, I do it to kind of say what's on

[24:29] my mind and to give people a sense of

[24:31] what I do every day and even some

[24:33] personal stuff like, you know, I went

[24:35] off my diet and had chocolate mousse.

[24:37] >> Isn't it presumptuous to think people

[24:38] care what you're doing? It's actually

[24:40] less presumptuous than bumping into a

[24:42] friend and telling them anything because

[24:44] they have to sit there and be polite.

[24:46] >> With with Twitter, it gives you

[24:48] >> Yeah, I see where you're going with

[24:49] this. You can turn it off.

[24:50] >> You can you anyone can turn it off.

[24:52] >> This is Dom Seagallo. He is not with

[24:54] Twitter. He works down the road at

[24:55] Adobe. A man of many interests,

[24:57] including skateboarding. He's writing a

[24:59] book about his Twitter experiences in

[25:01] which he argues that having to say

[25:03] something in just 140 characters, that's

[25:06] a new kind of literature. your ability

[25:08] to express yourself is pretty laid bare

[25:11] and I struggled really hard with a style

[25:13] that is both expressive but um

[25:19] you know unique and and is recognizable

[25:21] out of context. What has really caught

[25:23] you by surprise that you I mean that you

[25:26] didn't see Twitter actually doing or

[25:29] making? Well, there's been a big shift I

[25:31] would say over the last few months. The

[25:33] original idea was more I want to stay in

[25:35] touch with this person I know. And now

[25:37] it's whether it's an event or a concert

[25:39] or where gas is during a shortage in

[25:42] Atlanta, people are finding ways to

[25:45] organize

[25:47] um using Twitter and using the search

[25:48] function to say, okay, who else is

[25:50] talking about that? What are the

[25:52] opinions? Then we all took a little

[25:54] tweet break slightly strange as we all

[25:56] sent out messages about what we were

[25:58] doing at that point in time.

[26:00] So, I've just tweeted that you guys say

[26:02] that if all Night Lines viewers, which

[26:04] on a good night are like four million,

[26:07] were to follow me that your system could

[26:09] handle it.

[26:10] >> Oh, yeah. Oh, yeah. It's like,

[26:12] >> oh, follow me, my people.

[26:14] >> Just kidding.

[26:15] >> Tweet. Are you making money yet?

[26:18] >> No.

[26:18] >> No.

[26:20] >> Not Not anything meaningful. What we're

[26:22] seeing with Twitter is that people are

[26:25] in general good and they want to do good

[26:27] things and they're making good things

[26:28] happen and they're using our tool to

[26:30] organize these great things.

[26:32] >> So there it is. And if you still don't

[26:34] get it, well, you can just try it. It's

[26:37] pretty simple. By the way, in answer to

[26:39] my hilltop question, what does it mean

[26:41] to tweet? Now from you, I have some

[26:44] answers. Some little birdies told me

[26:55] sweet.

[26:58] Our thanks to John Donan. And apparently

[27:00] my co-anchor Terry Moran has amassed

[27:02] quite a Twitter following. So perhaps

[27:04] this story will help John to catch up.

[27:06] As for me, I prefer a fountain pen. And

[27:10] when we come back, tonight's closing

[27:12] argument.

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[27:24] >> It's a whole new chapter in crimeolving.

[27:26] >> Better check this out.

[27:28] >> Hi.

[27:28] >> ABC's Castle series premiere Monday,

[27:30] March 9th at 10:9 Central on ABC.

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[28:04] >> Wow.

[28:05] >> What?

[28:06] >> Nothing. Nothing.

[28:07] >> I can take this whenever you guys are

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[28:08] >> Oh, thanks. cuz I paid for it last. So,

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[29:30] >> ahead. The choice the Obamas made for

[29:33] the first dog.

[29:36] >> Something is breaking. We want you to

[29:38] wake up and know about it immediately.

[29:39] We do want to bring you out here live

[29:41] where you can see this is still an

[29:42] active scene. Life isn't static. News

[29:45] isn't static.

[29:46] >> You know, you can tune in to News

[29:47] Channel 8 at Sunrise and we'll get you

[29:49] caught up and get you caught up quickly.

[29:51] >> Maybe I can trade you a message for a

[29:53] cheese stick. Can I get your help with

[29:54] something? Flare into this PGW

[29:57] >> as loudly as you can.

[29:59] >> Studio line square

[30:00] >> so that everyone in the city can hear

[30:01] you.

[30:02] >> Coming soon.

[30:04] >> Where are you going?

[30:06] >> I'm Carrie Murphy for the allnew Jay's

[30:08] Gladstone Honda. Come to Jay Le's for

[30:11] the best selection, the best service,

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[30:25] Remember, if it needs a battery, all you

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[30:32] >> Visit one of our Portland, Beverton,

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[31:06] >> Get any size mattress, twin, full,

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[31:21] >> So for my friends and family, I'm

[31:23] choosing my head coach Pete

[31:26] >> and my nutrition coach and my strength

[31:28] COACH.

[31:28] >> WE GOT TO PROGRESS THAT

[31:31] >> and coach Pete's home number

[31:33] >> and this guy

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[31:38] >> So now I can call him no matter what

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[31:51] >> Hi, I'm Carrie Murphy for Jay Le's

[31:53] Gladstone Nissan. Convenient from

[31:54] anywhere, Jay Le has you covered. Sales,

[31:57] selection, and service. Just a mile

[31:59] north of exit 9 off 205, minutes from

[32:01] downtown Portland on Southeast

[32:03] Mclofflin's Auto Row or online at

[32:05] jes.com.

[32:08] >> New at 6, not enough money to hire

[32:10] additional police. The city of Greshams

[32:12] found a way around that. The answer,

[32:14] police volunteers.

[32:16] >> There's that whole untapped resource of

[32:19] people that are committed to the

[32:20] community that want to make it better.

[32:23] >> What kind of responsibilities the

[32:25] volunteers would have tonight at 6.

[32:27] >> Looks like the first family has decided

[32:29] on a first dog. Michelle Obama tells

[32:31] People magazine that they're looking for

[32:33] a Portuguese water dog like this one

[32:35] from a rescue group. They like the dog

[32:38] size. Not too big, not too small. It has

[32:40] a sweet temperament and most

[32:42] importantly, it doesn't shed. It's sort

[32:44] of hypoallergenic.

[32:46] 10-year-old Malaya has pet allergies.

[32:49] Target date for the new first family

[32:51] member is sometime in April after the

[32:54] Obama girls spring break. They have not

[32:56] decided on a name.

[32:57] >> No. Well, it took long enough to find

[32:59] the dog.

[33:00] >> Nightly News is next. We'll see you back

[33:02] there at 6.